Twig Syntax

Outputting variables

{{ variable }}         <!-- auto-escaped -->
{{ variable|e }}        <!-- explicit HTML escape -->
{{ variable|raw }}      <!-- unescaped — use ONLY for trusted content -->

Conditionals

{% if user.is_admin %}
    <a href="/admin">Admin Panel</a>
{% elseif user %}
    <a href="/profile">My Profile</a>
{% else %}
    <a href="/login">Log In</a>
{% endif %}

Loops

{% for post in posts %}
    <article>
        <h2>{{ post.title|e }}</h2>
        <p>{{ post.excerpt|e }}</p>
    </article>
{% else %}
    <p>No posts yet.</p>
{% endfor %}

The {% else %} block runs if the loop had zero items.

Loop variables

{% for item in items %}
    {{ loop.index }}      <!-- 1, 2, 3... -->
    {{ loop.index0 }}     <!-- 0, 1, 2... -->
    {{ loop.first }}      <!-- true on first iteration -->
    {{ loop.last }}       <!-- true on last iteration -->
    {{ loop.length }}     <!-- total item count -->
{% endfor %}

Comments

{# This won't appear in the output #}

Filters

Transform output with the pipe | operator:

{{ title|upper }}              <!-- "HELLO WORLD" -->
{{ title|lower }}              <!-- "hello world" -->
{{ title|capitalize }}         <!-- "Hello World" -->
{{ body|striptags }}           <!-- strip HTML tags -->
{{ date|date("F j, Y") }}      <!-- "May 25, 2026" -->
{{ text|length }}              <!-- character count -->
{{ items|length }}             <!-- array count -->
{{ "<b>bold</b>"|raw }}        <!-- renders as HTML -->

Variables in templates

{% set greeting = "Hello, " ~ name %}
<p>{{ greeting }}</p>

{% set items = [1, 2, 3] %}
{% set config = { theme: "dark", lang: "en" } %}

Includes

Insert another template inline:

{% include "header.twig" %}
{% include "sidebar.twig" with { items: menu_items } %}

A real template: blog listing

{% extends "layout" %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>{{ page_title }}</h1>

    {% if posts|length > 0 %}
        {% for post in posts %}
            <article class="post">
                <h2>
                    <a href="/blog/{{ post.slug }}">{{ post.title|e }}</a>
                </h2>
                <time>{{ post.created_at|date("M j, Y") }}</time>
                <p>{{ post.excerpt|e }}</p>
            </article>
        {% endfor %}

        {% if pagination.has_next %}
            <a href="?page={{ pagination.page + 1 }}">Older posts</a>
        {% endif %}
    {% else %}
        <p>No posts yet. Check back soon!</p>
    {% endif %}
{% endblock %}

Next: Inheritance & Includes — build reusable layouts.